ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ : ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ°)
Β«ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ? Β» β Π―Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ.ΠΡΡ
ΠΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°.
- ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ.
- ΠΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠ±Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡ Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
- Π¦ΠΈΠ½ΠΊ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ». ΠΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ.
- ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ, Π° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
- ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π² ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΡ, Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ .
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°-Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π², ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠΈΠ».
ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ. Π’Π°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ°Ρ , Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ | Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈ | ||||
ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° | Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² 100Π³Ρ | ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ | ΠΠ°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° | Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² 100Π³Ρ | ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ |
ΠΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ | 43.6 Π³ | 145% | Π₯ΡΠ΅Π½ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ) | 7.3 Π³ | 24% |
Π ΠΎΠΆΡ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 16.4 Π³ | 55% | ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΊ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ) | 4.5 Π³ | 15% |
ΠΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ | 15.4 Π³ | 51% | Π’ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΡ | 4.5 Π³ | 15% |
Π―ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 14.5 Π³ | 48% | ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ | 4.2 Π³ | 14% |
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 14 Π³ | 47% | ΠΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ) | 3.5 Π³ | 12% |
Π‘ΠΎΡ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 13.5 Π³ | 45% | ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ° (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ) | 3.2 Π³ | 11% |
ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ | 13.3 Π³ | 44% | Π Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Ρ (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ) | 3.2 Π³ | 11% |
ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ (ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π») | 12.5 Π³ | 42% | ΠΡΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ | 3 Π³ | 10% |
ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 12.4 Π³ | 41% | Π‘Π΅Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ) | 3.1 Π³ | 10% |
Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 12.4 Π³ | 41% | ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ | 2.6 Π³ | 9% |
ΠΠ²ΡΡ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 12 Π³ | 40% | ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π° (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ) | 2.8 Π³ | 9% |
ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ (ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΠ°) | 11.3 Π³ | 38% | Π£ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏ (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ) | 2.8 Π³ | 9% |
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ) | 11.3 Π³ | 38% | ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ | 2.5 Π³ | 8% |
Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 11.5 Π³ | 38% | ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ | 2.4 Π³ | 8% |
ΠΠ°Ρ | 11.1 Π³ | 37% | Π‘Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π° | 2.5 Π³ | 8% |
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ (Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ) | 10.7 Π³ | 36% | ΠΡΡΠΊΠ²Π° | 2.2 Π³ | 7% |
ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 10.8 Π³ | 36% | ΠΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡΡ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ) | 2 Π³ | 7% |
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ) | 10.8 Π³ | 36% | ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ | 2 Π³ | 7% |
ΠΡΠΊΠ° Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ | 10 Π³ | 33% | ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 2.1 Π³ | 7% |
ΠΡΡ | 9.9 Π³ | 33% | ΠΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ | 2.2 Π³ | 7% |
Π ΠΈΡ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 9.7 Π³ | 32% | ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ° (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ) | 2.1 Π³ | 7% |
ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ | 9.3 Π³ | 31% | Π Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 2.1 Π³ | 7% |
ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 8 Π³ | 27% | Π’ΡΠΊΠ²Π° | 2 Π³ | 7% |
ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ | 8.1 Π³ | 27% | ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈ | 1.7 Π³ | 6% |
ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ | 7.8 Π³ | 26% | ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ |
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡΒ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ ΡΠ·Π½Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ. ΠΠ°Π²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
ΠΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ
β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅. ΠΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡ. ΠΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ β Π½Π° 28 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ β 12 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅
- ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ β 28 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ β 12 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ
- ΠΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π°, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ β 28 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ β 22 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ
- Π ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ β 28 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ β 6 Π³
Π‘ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ
β Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π² Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½. ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π³Ρ, ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ².
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠΈΠΌΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 14 Π³
- ΠΠ΄Π·ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 14 Π³
- Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ (Π€Π°Π²Π°) Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ β 9 Π³
- Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 15 Π³
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ , Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 12Π³
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 16 Π³
- Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΏ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ β 100 Π³ β 17Π³
- Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 16 Π³
- ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 19 Π³
- ΠΠ°Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 15 Π³
- ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 18 Π³
- ΠΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 15 Π³
Π―Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
Π―Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. Π―Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°: ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅. Π―Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°, 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 8 Π³
- ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 4 Π³
- ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 5 Π³
- ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 3 Π³
- ΠΡΡΠΆΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 6 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ²
- ΠΡΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 10 Π³
- ΠΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 8 Π³
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°
β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π² Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ β 1/4 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β 6 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΉΡΠ° β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 5 Π³
- ΠΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ β 3 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β 4 Π³
- Π‘ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡ β 1/2 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° β 4 Π³
- Π ΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΅ β 1/2 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° β 4 Π³
- ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 5 Π³
- Π’ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅, ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° β 1/4 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° β 5 Π³
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ β 1/4 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° β 5 Π³
- ΠΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 3 Π³
- Π ΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° β 1/4 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°, 4 Π³
- ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 4 Π³
- ΠΡΠ»Π³ΡΡ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 8 Π³
- Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π»Π΅Π± β 1 Π»ΠΎΠΌΡΠΈΠΊ β 2 Π³
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅, Π²Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ- 30Π³ β 6 Π³
- Π‘ΠΏΠ°Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΈ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 6 Π³
ΠΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ
β Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ, Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΡΠΏΠ°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ.
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 11 Π³
- ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ , Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 9 Π³
- ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ -14 Π³
ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ
β Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠ°-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 1000 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- Π Π΅ΠΏΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 5 Π³
- ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 5 Π³
- ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 5 Π³
- Π¨ΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 4 Π³
- Π‘Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π° Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 4 Π³
ΠΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°
β ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. 30 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°.
ΠΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π° β ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»Ρ β 30 Π³ β 4 Π³
- Π€ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β 30 Π³ β 3 Π³
- ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡ β 30 Π³ β 1 Π³
- ΠΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡ β 30 Π³ β 2 Π³
- ΠΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ β 30 Π³ β 2 Π³
- Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° β 1/4 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° β 3 Π³
- Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ β 1/2 β 3 Π³
- Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ½Π° β 30Π³ β 8 Π³
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ
β ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ: ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΏΡ, ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° -3 Π³
- Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 5 Π³
- ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 5 Π³
- ΠΡΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 5 Π³
- ΠΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ β 6 Π³
- ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, 4 Π³
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΠΌΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΏΡ, Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° β 4 Π³
- Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β 1 ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° β 4 Π³
Π€ΡΡΠΊΡΡ
Β
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Ρ. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ, Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎ Π³ΡΡΡΠΈ, Π±Π°Π½Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄. ΠΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ. Π€ΡΡΠΊΡΡ β ΡΡΠΎ, Π±Π΅Π·ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ, Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°.
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π½ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π½Π°Π½ β 3 Π³
- ΠΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΊΡ β 4 Π³
- Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ² β 1/2 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° β 6 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ
- ΠΠ·ΡΠΌ β 55 Π³ β 2 Π³
- Π‘ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠΈΡ β 1/2 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°, 8 Π³
ΠΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ Π² Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° 4 Π³
- ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ β 1 ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ, 4 Π³
- ΠΡΠ°Π²Π° β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, 9 Π³
- Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΈΠ±Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ β 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½, 5 Π³
- ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° β 10 Π»ΠΎΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², 4 Π³
- ΠΠ²ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ β 1/2 ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ, 9 Π³
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΡΠΌ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ:
- ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ Π»Π΅Π± β 1 Π»ΠΎΠΌΡΠΈΠΊ β 5 Π³
- Π₯Π»Π΅Π± ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ β 2 Π»ΠΎΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠ° β 4 Π³
- Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ β 1 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β 5 Π³
- ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠΌ β 1/3 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β 10 Π³
- //www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_zsLm9SP-Y
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ΠΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡ.ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π° ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
β‘Β 1 ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2015 Β Β· Β Π ΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°: Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Β ΒΠ‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅), ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ | ΠΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ | ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° (Π³) |
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π²Β ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (80Β Π³) | 42 | 2,5 |
Π Π΅ΠΏΠ° Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (72Β Π³) | 15 | 2,5 |
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (92Β Π³) | 26 | 2,6 |
ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (95Β Π³) | 25 | 2,7 |
ΠΡΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (78Β Π³) | 26 | 2,8 |
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (78Β Π³) | 55 | 2,8 |
Π’ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°, 1/4 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (130Β Π³) | 54 | 2,9 |
Π’ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (103Β Π³) | 38 | 2,9 |
ΠΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° ΡΒ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (70Β Π³) | 23 | 3 |
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΒ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΈ (1Β ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ) | 178 | 3 |
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (80Β Π³) | 97 | 3 |
ΠΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΉ (1Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ) | 62 | 3,1 |
ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π½ (1Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ) | 105 | 3,1 |
Π‘ΠΏΠ°Π³Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Β ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ» ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (70Β Π³) | 87 | 3,1 |
ΠΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ» ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (78Β Π³) | 33 | 3,2 |
ΠΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»Ρ (28Β Π³) | 164 | 3,3 |
Π―Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΅ (1Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅) | 72 | 3,3 |
Π¨ΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ» ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (95Β Π³) | 30 | 3,5 |
ΠΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅, 1/4 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (18Β Π³) | 58 | 3,6 |
Π’ΡΠΊΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (123Β Π³) | 42 | 3,6 |
Π€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, 1/4 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (45Β Π³) | 126 | 3,6 |
ΠΠ½ΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ, 1/4 ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (37Β Π³) | 93 | 3,7 |
ΠΠΆΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (72Β Π³) | 31 | 3,8 |
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΠΎΠΉ (1Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ) | 161 | 3,8 |
ΠΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (124Β Π³) | 133 | 3,8 |
Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (90Β Π³) | 127 | 3,8 |
Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ (1Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ) | 119 | 3,9 |
ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (62Β Π³) | 32 | 4 |
Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (82Β Π³) | 59 | 4 |
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ» ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (90Β Π³) | 76 | 4,1 |
ΠΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ (1Β ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ) | 81 | 4,3 |
ΠΠ·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ (1Β ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ) | 51 | 4,4 |
ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·Β ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ | 134 | 4,4 |
ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (80Β Π³) | 67 | 4,4 |
Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΒ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΠΎΠΉ (1Β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ) | 4,8 | |
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ (2Β Ρ Π»Π΅Π±ΡΠ°) | 74 | 5 |
Π‘ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (90Β Π³) | 149 | 5,2 |
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ , ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (83Β Π³) | 100 | 5,6 |
ΠΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (89Β Π³) | 105 | 6,2 |
ΠΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (82Β Π³) | 135 | 6,2 |
ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (90Β Π³) | 154 | 6,3 |
ΠΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ, Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ° (1Β ΡΡΡΠΊΠ°) | 60 | 6,5 |
ΠΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (85Β Π³) | 108 | 6,6 |
Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (86Β Π³) | 114 | 7,5 |
Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (86Β Π³) | 122 | 7,7 |
Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (100Β Π³) | 115 | 7,8 |
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ , ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (100Β Π³) | 116 | 8,1 |
Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (90Β Π³) | 109 | 8,2 |
ΠΡΡΠ»ΠΈ/Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡ (100%), Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΒ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (30Β Π³) | 78 | 8,8 |
Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±Π΅Π»Π°Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ (90Β Π³) | 128 | 9,5 |
ΠΡΡΠ»ΠΈ/Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ (28Β Π³) | 90-108 | 2,6-5,0 |
ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ (28Β Π³) | 96 | 2,8-3,4 |
Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 19β50 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 25-28 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 19β50 Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 30-34 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ.
Π€ΡΡΠΊΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π³Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΌΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ»Ρ.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
Π ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΏ-14 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ .
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° (ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅, Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°) ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π² Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²:
- Π‘ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.
- Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°.
- ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.
- ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ².
- Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
- ΠΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°.
- ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
- ΠΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ.
ΠΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ
Π§Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½:
- ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΎΡΡ.
- ΠΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°.
- ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ.
- ΠΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π½Ρ, ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅).
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ» ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π‘ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ : 30 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ΅ 1000 ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ.Β Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 25%.
Π£ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ:
- ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅
- ΠΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅
ΠΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ
ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π―Π±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ.
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡ:
- ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ½Π°;
- ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ;+ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Β ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ. ΠΒ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, Π΅Π΅Β ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΒ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΒ Π½Π΅Β Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ, ΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Π½Π΅Β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΒ ΠΈΠ·Β ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΅Π΅Β Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ .
ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π²Β Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ , Π΄Π°Β Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΒ ΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΒ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Β ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎΒ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π½Π΅Β ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΒ Π³ΡΡΠ±Π°Ρ, ΡΠΎΒ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Β ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π°Β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΒ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, Π²Β Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΒ ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΅ΠΉΒ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅Β Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΒ Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΒ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΒ ΠΈΒ ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΒ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°, ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅Β ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΒ Π½ΡΠ»Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Β ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π²Β Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΒ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²Β ΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅:
- ΠΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ,
- Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· 10-15 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ (ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±Ρ) ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ Β β ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°, Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΒ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Β ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΒ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°. Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΒ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Β ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ», ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΒ Π²Β Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅.
- ΠΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 15Β ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΒ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΠΎΒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π²Β Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΒ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΒ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Β ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈΒ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΈΒ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ.
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊ. Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Β Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅, Π°Β ΠΏΠΎΒ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΒ ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅.
Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ 2-3 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²Β Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Β ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ cooktips.ru ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΒ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²:
- ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ±ΡΒ β ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π°Β Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ: Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π° ΡΡΠ±Π°, Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ.
- ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ + Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ·Β Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ.
- ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Β β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²Β Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΒ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΒ ΠΊΒ ΡΠΎΠΌΡΒ ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΒ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²β¦
- ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π° ΠΈΒ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Β β ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΒ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΒ ΠΈΡ Β Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉβ¦
- ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π° ΠΈΒ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄ Ρ Π°Π»Π²ΡΒ β Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΒ Π΅Π΅Β ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅Β ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅
ΠΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅:
- ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
- ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ 70-75% Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ.
- Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ β Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ.
- ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Ρ.
- ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°.
- ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π±Π°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ.Π΄.
- Π‘Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ β ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ 100 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ cΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½. ΠΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ.
ΠΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ, Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ:
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ | ΠΊΠΊΠ°Π» | Π³/100 Π³ | Π³/100 ΠΊΠΊΠ°Π» |
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ | 165 | 43,0 | 26,1 |
Π₯Π»Π΅Π± ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ | 200 | 8,0 | 4,0 |
Π₯Π»Π΅Π± Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ | 201 | 7,9 | 3,9 |
Π₯Π»Π΅Π± Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ | 228 | 6,1 | 2,7 |
ΠΠ°ΡΠ° Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ | 101 | 2,7 | 2,7 |
Π‘ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ 2Π‘ | 323 | 7,0 | 2,2 |
Π₯Π»Π΅Π± ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ 2Π‘ | 228 | 4,6 | 2,0 |
ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ | 135 | 2,5 | 1,9 |
ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 109 | 1,9 | 1,7 |
Π‘ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ | 331 | 4,5 | 1,4 |
Π₯Π»Π΅Π± ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ 1Π‘ | 240 | 3,2 | 1,3 |
ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 153 | 1,7 | 1,1 |
Π₯Π»Π΅Π± ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π/Π‘ | 250 | 2,3 | 0,9 |
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ | 135 | 1,1 | 0,8 |
ΠΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ | 100 | 0,8 | 0,8 |
ΠΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ | 650 | 4,0 | 0,6 |
ΠΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ, ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅:
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ | ΠΊΠΊΠ°Π» | Π³/100 Π³ | Π³/100 ΠΊΠΊΠ°Π» |
Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ | 16 | 2,5 | 15,6 |
ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ | 35 | 4,2 | 12,0 |
ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° | 28 | 2,0 | 7,1 |
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ | 35 | 2,4 | 6,9 |
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΏ, ΡΠ°Π»Π°Ρ, Π»ΡΠΊ Π·Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ | 30 | 2,0 | 6,7 |
Π‘Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 48 | 3,0 | 6,3 |
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡ | 24 | 1,4 | 5,8 |
ΠΡΠΈΠ±Ρ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ | 172 | 6,8 | 4,0 |
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ | 130 | 5,0 | 3,8 |
Π‘ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 44 | 4,8 | 10,9 |
ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΈ | 47 | 3,8 | 8,1 |
ΠΡΡΠ°Π³Π° | 242 | 18,0 | 7,4 |
Π―Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ | 253 | 14,9 | 5,9 |
ΠΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ | 43 | 2,2 | 5,1 |
ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡ | 44 | 2,1 | 4,8 |
Π―Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ | 47 | 1,8 | 3,8 |
ΠΠ·ΡΠΌ | 281 | 9,6 | 3,4 |
ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ | 72 | 1,6 | 2,2 |
Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ 25-35 Π³, Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, 1 ΠΊΠ³ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1 ΠΊΠ³ Π³ΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β 1 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β 1 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1 ΠΊΠ³ ΡΡΠΊΠ²Ρ, 1,5 ΠΊΠ³ Π°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ 2 ΠΊΠ³ Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ β Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ-ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ» ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ! Β ΠΠΎ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Β β ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ (8,3 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 100 Π³ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π°), Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (8 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ), Β Π±ΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ (Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈ β 13 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ), ΠΊΡΡΠΏΡ (ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ β Π³Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Ρ, Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ β ΠΏΠΎ 10-11 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ). ΠΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π°?Β ΠΠΎΠΌΡΠΈΠΊ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ 20-30 Π³, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ β Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 40 Π³ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 8 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Ρ
Π²Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΌ, ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π»Π΅Π±, Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅. Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ-ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ β ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π°Ρ
β ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ².
Π ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ , ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ 10 Π³ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ΅ 100 Π³ Π²Π΅ΡΠ°, Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ β 38 Π³ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 250-450 Π³ (Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ). Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 40-50 Π³ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ.
Π― ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ. Π§Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ! Β ΠΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° 5-6 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ:
- 120 Π³ (5-6 Π»ΠΎΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²) ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π°,
- 200 Π³ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π° 5 %,
- 200 Π³ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ°,
- 200Π³ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½,
- 100 Π³ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅,
- 200 Π³ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΠΈ,
- 200 Π³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠ° (1 ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅Ρ),
- 150 Π³ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡ (1 Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ),
- 10 Π³ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° (ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°),
- 100 Π³ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Β (2 ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ),
- 500 Π³ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊ (2 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 3 ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ),
- 60 Π³ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ° (10 Ρ. Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅),
- 20 ΡΡΡΠΊ (20 Π³) ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ: 130 Π³ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², 44,6 Π³ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ², 275 Π³ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ 39 Π³ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 2054 ΠΊΠΊΠ°Π». Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΡΒ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² 2000 ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ (+/- 50),Β Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ 3 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ. Β ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΈΠ² Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ Π³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°: ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡ (200 Π³) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ:Β 140 Π³ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², 43 Π³ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ², 210 Π³ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ 39 Π³ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 1811 ΠΊΠΊΠ°Π» β Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ β Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡ.
ΠΡΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°: ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°Ρ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 100 Π³ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° (1 ΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡ 8-10 Π³), ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² 300 Π³ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ (Π±Π΅Π· ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°) ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ: 134 Π³ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², 44 Π³ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ², 224 Π³ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ 38,6 Π³ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 1849 ΠΊΠΊΠ°Π».
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°Β Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ. Π§Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ (ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΆΠΈΡΡ). Π ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ β ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 100 Π³ Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ 2-4 Π³. ΠΡΠΎ Π³ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Β«ΡΡΡΠ»Π°Β». Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ: ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ (25-55 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ), Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° (25 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ), ΡΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° (14 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ).
ΠΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡβ¦
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ , Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½: ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ½Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ·Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π‘Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°.
ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π²Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²,Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ, Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»Π°.
ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ°/ΠΆΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π°Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ . Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ΅ 2-3 Π΄Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ 3-5 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ.
ΠΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ 3-5 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅:
- 1 Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΠΎΠΉ: 3 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ: 3 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- 1 ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π±Π°Π½Π°Π½: 3 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- Β½ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ: 3 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- 1 ΠΊΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ: 3 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- ΒΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π²: 5 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ;
- 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ: 4 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- 1 Π»ΠΎΠΌΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π°: 3 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- ΒΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΡ: 4 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- ΒΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²: 3.75 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ;
- 28 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»Ρ: 3.5 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- Β½ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π°: 4 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- 1 ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡΡΠΎΠΉ: 4 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ: 4 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°;
- 1 ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½ Π±ΡΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ: 5 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ;
- 2 ΡΡ.Π». Ρ ΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΡΡΠ°: 4 Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΡΡΠΎ Π²Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ:
- ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ°, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°.
- ΠΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ: Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
- ΠΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π·Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Ρ Π½Π°Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ:
Π‘ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ
ΠΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ Π±Π°Π»Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½. ΠΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ β Π½Π΅Ρ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π² 25-30 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ. Β Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΡ 20-25 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ. Β ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ -Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π° Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ (ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ), ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ 40 Π³ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ (Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ 35 Π΄ΠΎ 50 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ). ΠΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π², Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° (Π½Π΅ Π²Π΅Π³Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ°) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ 15-17 Π³ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ β ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ.
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ 4 Π³ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ 2 Π³. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎ 15 Π³ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ². Π― ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°Β ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅? ΠΠ΅Ρ, Π½Ρ Π²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ. Β ΠΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ.
Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ . ΠΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΊΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°Π±Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΆΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ°, Π±ΡΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ°, Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΏ, Π»ΡΠΊ. Π‘ΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΊ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄, ΡΠΆΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½. Π€ΡΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½, Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ . ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π»Π΅Π± ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ , ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ. Π Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π°.
Π Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ . ΠΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ β Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ», Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
Π Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ | ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ |
ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΠΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΠ²Π΅Ρ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π¦ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π―ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΆΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡ | ΠΠ³ΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ°Π½ ΠΡΠΊ Π€Π΅Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Ρ |
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ
ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ:
- ΠΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ Ρ Π»Π΅Π±ΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅. Π€ΡΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°.
- ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΅Π΄Π°.
- ΠΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π²ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠΎΠ². Π’ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ), Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°, Π° ΡΡΠΏΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅.
- Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.
- ΠΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ.
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ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΅Π΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ.
ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° β ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ β ΡΠ΅Π»Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ·Ρ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΈ.
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ β ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ±Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ.
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ»Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ:
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° | Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 100 Π³ Π² Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ | Π‘ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, % |
ΠΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ | 43,6 | 145,0% |
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ | 35,3 | 118,0% |
ΠΡΠΈΠ±Ρ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ | 26,2 | 87,0% |
ΠΠ½ΠΆΠΈΡ | 18,2 | 61,0% |
ΠΡΡΠ°Π³Π° | 18 ,0 | 60,0% |
Π ΠΎΠΆΡ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 16,4 | 55,0% |
ΠΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ | 15,4 | 51,0% |
Π―ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 14,5 | 48,0% |
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 14 ,0 | 47,0% |
Π‘ΠΎΡ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 13,5 | 45,0% |
ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ | 13,3 | 44,0% |
ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° | 12,5 | 42,0% |
ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ | 12,4 | 41,0% |
Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ) | 12,4 | 41,0% |
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ 100 Π³ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° 40% ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ° Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ. ΠΊ. ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ.
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 100 Π³ ΠΎΡ 8 Π΄ΠΎ 12 Π³ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ 27 Π΄ΠΎ 40%:
- ΠΠ²Π΅Ρ (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ).
- ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ (ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΠ°).
- ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ).
- Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ).
- ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ (Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ).
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ).
- Π¨ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊ.
- Π€ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ.
- ΠΡΡ.
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ.
- ΠΠ·ΡΠΌ.
- Π ΠΈΡ.
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ.
- Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ².
- ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡ.
- ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 100 Π³ ΠΎΡ 6 Π΄ΠΎ 7,9 Π³ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 26,9%:
- ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ.
- Π¨ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΄ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ.
- ΠΡΠΈΠ±Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ.
- ΠΠΈΠ½Π΄Π°Π»Ρ.
- ΠΠ²ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΎ.
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ 2-Π³ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°.
- ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°.
- Π€Π΅ΠΉΡ ΠΎΠ°.
- ΠΡΠΈΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
- Π€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
- Π€ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊ.
- Π₯Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅ΡΒ».
- ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ .
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 100 Π³ ΠΎΡ 4 Π΄ΠΎ 5,9 Π³ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 14 Π΄ΠΎ 19,9%:
- ΠΡΠ½ΠΆΡΡ.
- Π ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΉ (ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΉ).
- ΠΡΠΈΠ±Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΈ.
- Π‘Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ).
- ΠΡΠΈΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°.
- ΠΡΠΈΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°.
- ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ (ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΎ).
- Π‘ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°.
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Π½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΠ΅.
- ΠΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ.
- Π’ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΡ.
- Π ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 100 Π³ ΠΎΡ 2 Π΄ΠΎ 3,9 Π³ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ 7 Π΄ΠΎ 13,9%:
- ΠΠΈΠ²ΠΈ.
- ΠΠΉΠ²Π°.
- ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°.
- Π Π΅Π²Π΅Π½Ρ (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ).
- ΠΠ»ΡΠΊΠ²Π°.
- ΠΡΡΠΆΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊ.
- Π€Π°ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ (ΡΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ).
- Π£ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏ (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ).
- ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ.
- ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ.
- ΠΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
- Π‘Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°.
- ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊ.
- ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠ° (Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ).
- ΠΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡΡ (ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ).
- ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡ.
- ΠΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ½.
- Π’ΡΠΊΠ²Π°.
- ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ.
- ΠΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½.
- ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
- ΠΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΡΡ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π». ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΡΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Ρ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²:
- ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ β Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°;
- ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ;
- ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ;
- ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ;
- ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ;
- ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π° β ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ. ΠΊ. Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅;
- ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ;
- ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ;
- ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π²Π·Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π»ΡΠ΄ΡΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°.
ΠΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠ»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 25 Π³.
ΠΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ 1,5β2 ΠΊΠ³ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.). ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅.
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»ΡΡ Π² Π΅Π΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΡΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅Ρ.
90000 High-fiber foods: 38 healthful options 90001 90002 When a person includes high-fiber foods in their diet, it has many benefits, such as keeping the gut healthy, boosting heart health, and promoting weight loss. 90003 90002 According to the most up-to-date Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the adequate intake (AI) of fiber for adult men is 33.6 grams (g) per day, and 28 g for adult women. 90003 90002 But most people in America do not meet this goal. The average fiber intake in the United States is 17 g, and only 5 percent of people meet the adequate daily intake.90003 90002 People need to get both soluble and insoluble fiber from their diet. Eating a varied high-fiber diet means getting plenty of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains. 90003 90002 In this article, we provide a list of 38 healthful, high-fiber foods — explaining how much fiber each one has — to help people boost their daily fiber intake. 90003 Share on PinterestNavy beans contain 10.5 g of fiber per 100 g and are also high in protein. 90002 Legumes are fiber-rich plant-based foods that include beans, lentils, and peas.90003 90002 Beans are a good source of fermentable fibers. This fiber moves into the large intestine and helps to feed the diverse colony of healthy bacteria in the gut. 90003 90002 Researchers have found connections between a healthy gut microbiome and lower rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 90003 90002 The following are some of the best legumes for fiber: 90003 90020 1. Navy beans 90021 90002 Navy beans are one of the richest sources of fiber. They are also high in protein. Add navy beans to salads, curries, or stews for an extra fiber and protein boost.90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Navy beans contain 10.5 g per 100 g (31.3 percent of AI). 90003 90020 2. Pinto Beans 90021 90002 Pinto beans are a popular U.S. staple. People can eat pinto beans whole, mashed or as refried beans. Along with their high-fiber content, pinto beans are a great source of calcium and iron. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Pinto beans contain 9 g of fiber per 100 g (26.8 percent of AI). 90003 90020 3. Black beans 90021 90002 Black beans contain good amounts of iron and magnesium.They are also a great source of plant-based protein. 90003 90002 If people who follow a vegan diet combine black beans with rice, they will be getting all nine essential amino acids. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Black beans contain 8.7 g of fiber per 100 g (25.9 percent of AI). 90003 90020 4. Split peas 90021 90002 Split peas are a great source of iron and magnesium. They go well in casseroles, curries, and dahl. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Split peas contain 8.3 g of fiber per 100 g (24.7 percent of AI). 90003 90020 5. Lentils 90021 90002 There are many types of lentils, including red lentils and French lentils. They make a great addition to couscous, quinoa dishes, or dahl. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Lentils contain 7.9 g of fiber per 100 g (23.5 percent of AI). 90003 90020 6. Mung beans 90021 90002 Mung beans are a versatile source of potassium, magnesium, and vitamin B-6. 90003 90002 When dried and ground, people can use mung bean flour to make pancakes. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Mung beans contain 7.6 g of fiber per 100 g (22.6 percent of AI). 90003 90020 7. Adzuki beans 90021 90002 Adzuki beans are used in Japanese cuisine to make red bean paste, which is a traditional sweet. People can also boil these fragrant, nutty beans and eat them plain. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Adzuki beans contain 7.3 g of fiber per 100 g (21.7 percent of AI). 90003 90020 8. Lima Beans 90021 90002 Not only are lima beans a great source of fiber, but they are also high in plant protein. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Lima beans contain 7 g of fiber per 100 g (20.8 percent of AI). 90003 90020 9. Chickpeas 90021 90002 Chickpeas, or garbanzo beans, are a popular source of plant-based protein and fiber. They are also full of iron, vitamin B-6, and magnesium. 90003 90002 Use this legume as a base for hummus and falafel. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Chickpeas contain 6.4 g of fiber per 100 g (19 percent of AI). 90003 90020 10. Kidney Beans 90021 90002 Kidney beans are a rich source of iron. Kidney beans are a great addition to chili, casseroles, and salads.90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Kidney beans contain 6.4 g of fiber per 100 g (19 percent of AI). 90003 90020 11. Soybeans 90021 90002 Soybeans are used to make a variety of products, such as tofu, tempeh, and miso. People often use soybean products as dietary replacements for meat and dairy. 90003 90002 Fresh soybeans can also be eaten raw or added to salads as edamame. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Soybeans contain 6 g of fiber per 100 g (17.9 percent of AI). 90003 90020 12.Baked beans 90021 90002 Baked beans are rich in fiber and protein. They are available from most grocery stores. Try to buy brands with reduced sugar and salt to get more health benefits. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Plain baked beans from a can contain 4.1 g of fiber per 100 g (12.2 percent of AI). 90003 90020 13. Green peas 90021 90002 Green peas are available canned or fresh. Green peas are a great source of fiber, protein, vitamin C, and vitamin A. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Green peas contain 4.1-5.5 g of fiber per 100 g (12-16 percent of AI). 90003 90002 Among the many health benefits of vegetables, they are a great source of dietary fiber. Vegetables with a high-fiber content include: 90003 90020 14. Artichoke 90021 90002 Artichokes are packed with vitamins C and K, plus calcium, and folate. 90003 90002 Grill, bake, or steam whole artichokes and use in dishes or as a side. 90003 90002 People often prepare just the artichoke heart above the outside leaves. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One medium artichoke contains 6.9 g of fiber (20.5 percent of AI). 90003 90020 15. Potato 90021 90002 As a staple vegetable, potatoes are a good source of B vitamins plus vitamin C and magnesium. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One large potato, baked in its skin, contains 6.3 g of fiber (18.8 percent of AI). 90003 90020 16. Sweet potato 90021 90002 Sweet potatoes are one of the starchy vegetables. They are high in vitamin A. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One large sweet potato, baked in its skin, contains 5.9 g of fiber (17.6 percent of AI). 90003 90020 17. Parsnips 90021 90002 Parsnips are a good source of vitamins C and K, as well as B vitamins, calcium, and zinc. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One boiled parsnip contains 5.8 g of fiber (17.3 percent of AI). 90003 90020 18. Winter squash 90021 90002 Winter squash vegetables are a bountiful source of vitamins A and C. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One cup of winter squash contains 5.7 g of fiber (17 percent of AI). 90003 90020 19.Broccoli 90021 90002 Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable that is high in vitamins C and A. Cruciferous vegetables also have lots of antioxidant polyphenols. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One cup of cooked broccoli florets contains 5.1 g of fiber (15.2 percent of AI). 90003 90020 20. Pumpkin 90021 90002 Pumpkin is a popular vegetable and source of vitamins A and K and calcium. People use it in sweet and savory dishes. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: A standard portion of canned pumpkin contains 3.6 g of fiber (10.7 percent of AI). 90003 90002 People can boost their daily fiber intake by including healthful fruits as a snack between meals. Some fruits contain more fiber than others. 90003 90020 21. Avocado 90021 90002 Avocado is full of healthful monounsaturated fats that are beneficial to heart health. They are popular in salads and for making dips. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One peeled avocado contains 9.2 g of fiber (27.4 percent of AI). 90003 90020 22. Pear 90021 90002 Pears are full of fiber, as well as vitamins C and A, folate and calcium.Keep a few pears in the fruit bowl, or serve them with dessert. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One medium pear contains 5.5 g of fiber (16.4 percent of AI). 90003 90020 23. Apple 90021 90002 Apples are a good source of vitamins C and A and folate. Make sure to eat the skin as well as the apple flesh, as the skin contains much of the fruit’s fiber. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One large apple contains 5.4 g of fiber (16.1 percent of AI). 90003 90020 24. Raspberries 90021 90002 Raspberries are a great source of antioxidants.These ruby-red berries also contain vitamins C and K. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Half a cup of raspberries contains 4 g of fiber (11.9 percent of AI). 90003 90020 25. Blackberries 90021 90002 Similarly to raspberries, blackberries are full of healthful antioxidants and are a great source of vitamins C and K. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Half a cup of blackberries contains 3.8 g of fiber (11.3 percent of AI ). 90003 90020 26. Prunes 90021 90002 Prunes, or dried plums, can help promote digestive health.Although high in fiber, prunes can also be high in sugar, so eat these in moderation. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Five prunes contain 3.4 g of fiber (10.1 percent of AI). 90003 90020 27. Orange 90021 90002 Oranges are surprisingly a good source of fiber. Oranges are full of vitamin C, which is essential for health. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One orange contains 3.4 g of fiber (10.1 percent of AI). 90003 90020 28. Banana 90021 90002 Bananas are a great source of nutrients, including potassium, magnesium, and vitamin C.They can be included in baking or eaten on their own as a snack. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One medium banana contains 3.1 g of fiber (9.2 percent of AI). 90003 90020 29. Guava 90021 90002 Not only is this tropical fruit a source of fiber, but it also has a very high amount of vitamin C and contains vitamin A. 90003 90002 Try guava in smoothies or juices. The rinds are edible, which means they can make a great fruit snack when on the go. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One guava fruit contains 3 g of fiber (8.9 percent of AI). 90003 90002 Nuts and seeds provide numerous health benefits. They contain healthful fats, high concentrations of protein, and they often have essential omega-3 fatty acids. 90003 90002 High-fiber nuts and seeds include: 90003 90020 30. Buckwheat 90021 90002 Despite its name, buckwheat is a seed and not a grain. 90003 90002 Buckwheat groats are grain-like seeds from a plant that is more closely related to rhubarb than wheat. It is rich in magnesium and zinc. Buckwheat does not contain gluten.90003 90002 People traditionally use buckwheat in Japan for making soba noodles. It has also gained popularity in other countries. 90003 90002 People can add the groats to breakfast cereal or smoothies. 90003 90002 Buckwheat flour is an excellent gluten-free alternative to plain flour for baking and cooking. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Half a cup of buckwheat groats contains 8.4 g of fiber (25 percent of AI). 90003 90020 31. Chia seeds 90021 90002 People originally cultivated chia seeds in Central America.Not only are these edible seeds high in fiber, but they also contain high levels of omega-3s, protein, antioxidants, calcium, and iron. 90003 90002 People may get more health benefits from ground chia seeds. Buy them ground up or blitz the seeds into a fine powder, using a food processor or mortar and pestle. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Each tablespoon of chia seeds contains 4.1g of fiber (12.2 percent of AI). 90003 90020 32. Quinoa 90021 90002 Quinoa is another pseudocereal and is also an edible seed.90003 90002 This seed is high in antioxidants, magnesium, folate, and copper, as well as vitamins B-1, B-2, and B-6. 90003 90002 Quinoa is useful for people who are sensitive to gluten. Quinoa flour is excellent for baking, and people often include the flakes in breakfast cereals. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Half a cup of quinoa contains 2.6 g of fiber (7.7 percent of AI). 90003 90020 33. Pumpkin seeds 90021 90002 Pumpkin seeds are a brilliant source of healthful monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, as well as magnesium, and zinc.90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: A quarter cup of pumpkin seeds contains 1.9 g of fiber (5.7 percent of AI). 90003 90020 34. Almonds 90021 90002 Almonds are high in vitamin E, which acts as an antioxidant, as well as calcium and healthful, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Ten almonds contain 1.5 g of fiber (4.5 percent of AI). 90003 90020 35. Popcorn 90021 90002 Popcorn is a healthful, whole food snack. It is a source of zinc, folate, and vitamin A.Avoid popcorn brands high in sugar and salt. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: One cup of popcorn contains 1.2 g of fiber (3.6 percent of AI). 90003 90002 Whole grains help to keep the heart healthy and make people feel fuller after meals. High-fiber whole grains include: 90003 90020 36. Freekeh 90021 90002 People make freekeh from roasted green wheat. They use it as a side to meat or mixed into salads to add substance and a nutty flavor. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Freekeh contains 13.3 g of fiber per 100 g (39.6 percent of AI). 90003 90020 37. Bulgur wheat 90021 90002 Bulgur wheat is the whole-wheat grain popular in Middle Eastern cuisine. Processing bulgur wheat involves cracking the wheat germ open and parboiling it. 90003 90002 Bulgur wheat is a traditional ingredient in tabbouleh and pilafs. Use it as an alternative to rice in warm salads. Bear in mind that it is not gluten-free. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Bulgur wheat contains 4.5 g of fiber per 100 g (13.4 percent of AI). 90003 90020 38. Pearled barley 90021 90002 Pearled barley is great as a side to meats, or in salads or stews. 90003 90002 90025 Fiber content 90026: Pearled barley contains 3.8 g of fiber per 100 g (11.3 percent of AI). 90003 90002 The following tips can help people increase the amount of fiber they get in their diet each day: 90003 90366 90367 avoid peeling vegetables, as the skins contain plenty of fiber, including cellulose 90368 90367 swap white bread for wholemeal bread 90368 90367 swap white rice for brown rice 90368 90367 try using steel-cut or rolled oats instead of instant oats 90368 90367 aim for at least 2 Β½ cups of vegetables and 2 cups of fruit each day 90368 90367 choose starchy vegetables 90368 90367 use psyllium husk or other fiber supplements when unable to meet the adequate intake through diet 90368 90381 90002 Fiber is an essential part of a healthful diet, though most people in the U.S. do not meet the recommended daily fiber intake. 90003 90002 A high-fiber diet helps to prevent constipation, maintain heart health, and feed the good bacteria in the gut. It can also help with weight loss. 90003 90002 People can increase the amount of fiber they get from their diet by choosing high-fiber foods and following certain dietary tips, such as not peeling off edible skins on fruit and vegetables. 90003 90002 Foods that are naturally rich in fiber have many other health benefits, too.Eating a wide variety of whole foods will help people meet their daily needs for fiber and other key nutrients. 90003.90000 Which Foods Are High in Fiber? 90001 90002 You’ve heard about the importance of fiber in your diet because of its many benefits-it keeps you regular, creates feelings of satiety, supports the digestive system, and helps in lowering cholesterol. However, do you know some of the other important roles it plays? 90003 90002 Aside from the roughage that sweeps through your digestive tract, pushing remaining contents through the body, how is fiber in its different forms affecting how your body functions? Fiber reduces obesity by slowing down digestion to reducing heart disease and certain types of cancers to serving as the food source for your inner bacterial ecosystem as explained in 90005 Digestive Wellness: How to Strengthen the Immune System and Prevent Disease Through Health Digestion 90006 by Elizabeth Lipski Ph.D., CCN. Fiber does all this and more! Let’s take a deep dive into the mysterious workings of fiber, shed light on the best sources, and discover ways to tend to your digestive garden within. 90003 90008 What Is Fiber? 90009 90002 First, what is fiber? It’s what some call roughage. It can be described as an indigestible material in the food you eat that passes through your body largely unchanged through the stomach and intestines. 90003 90008 Soluble and Insoluble Fiber 90009 90002 There are two main types of fiber-soluble and insoluble.To create a visual, think of soluble fiber as a gel-like substance that dissolves in water that helps you feel fuller longer. Now, think of insoluble fiber as the rough stuff that does not dissolve in water and stays intact when moving through the colon-it fills up space in your stomach. 90003 90002 Both soluble and insoluble fiber are found in various foods and work as a team to make some serious magic happen. When it comes to ensuring you’re getting enough of both types of fiber, «There’s no need to worry about counting grams of soluble and insoluble fiber,» explains Elizabeth Lipski, Ph.D., CCN. Both types are mixed in many whole foods especially fruits and vegetables, so if you eat a variety of high-fiber foods, you will naturally get both. 90003 90008 Fiber Leads to Better Health 90009 90002 Fiber researchers like surgeon Dr. Denis Burkitt, known as the 90021 father of the fiber hypothesis 90022, was the first researcher to connect a high-fiber diet with better health in the 1970s. «He noticed that people eating a traditional African diet in rural areas had almost no diabetes, colon cancer, or heart disease,» says Elizabeth Lipski, Ph.D., in her book 90005 Digestive Wellness 90006. The discoveries have continued to expand. For instance, the fiber composition of foods has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, stroke, and metabolic dysfunctions, including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. 90003 90002 Additionally, we know that fiber feeds the trillions of microbes in the gut, so when fiber content is low, it can result in «waves of extinction» as the varieties of microbes fall dramatically.There is mounting evidence that fiber-poor diets have the ability to disrupt the balance of gut bugs. Gut bugs, also known as microbes, are the oldest and most diverse life forms on earth, and they are everywhere! They are in the food in our fridge, in the air we breathe, and live around and inside us. 90003 90002 They also produce short-chain fatty acids (SFCAs). Research shows that SFCAs act as key sources that impact immune function and inflammation in tissues. Scientists say SFCAs play an influential role behind the increasing rates of diabetes, obesity and psychological conditions like anxiety and depression.A lack of fiber in your diet, however, can drastically curb the production of SFCAs. 90003 90008 Add Back Fiber to Your Diet 90009 90002 Fiber is a key ingredient that is removed from food sources when they go through the refining process. Fiber is removed to change the texture of food and make it taste «better.» 90003 90002 The average daily dietary fiber intake in the U.S. is about 16 grams, with adult females having a slightly higher dietary fiber intake than males, according to the United States Department of Agriculture.Fiber intake recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) range from 19 grams to 38 grams per day, depending on gender and age. However, most adults still need to boost dietary fiber since only 1 in 20 adults actually eat within the recommended range on a regular basis. 90003 90002 By contrast, your Paleolithic ancestors exceeded 100 grams of fiber per day. Interestingly, there is one small African tribe who exceed this consumption level, taking in a whopping 80-150 grams of fiber each day; they are the Hadza, a small hunter-gatherer tribe in Tanzania.Their intestinal microbial diversity is extensive because of the variety of fiber they consume year-round. The abundance of fiber-rich foods in the Hadza tribe comes from tubers, berries, roots, leaves, and other high-fiber foraged plant foods. 90003 90002 90039 90003 90008 Fiber Feeds Good Bacteria 90009 90002 What’s fascinating is that when you make changes to your diet-like shifting from a low-fiber diet to high-fiber diet-changes in the gut microbes can be detected within days. 90003 90002 Emeran Mayer, a gastroenterologist, neuroscientist, and author of 90005 The Mind-Gut Connection, 90006 explains in his book that you have trillions of bacteria affecting everything from your mood, mind, and thoughts-even how your brain ages and develops.Justin Sonnenburg, a microbiologist at Stanford University, another leading researcher in the field stated in 90005 Environmental Nutrition Health 90006, «There is no aspect of human biology that does not get touched in some way by the microbiota. Most of the microbiota are located in the gut, where they have an incredible impact on the body. » What is the food source of these important bacteria? You guessed it-fiber! 90003 90002 In learning about the immense impact of the little microbial companions on your daily health, and how the prevalence of a variety of fiber impacts diversity and overall health, let’s explore some high-fiber foods you can start adding into your daily regimen to support your body from the inside out.90003 90008 4 High-Fiber Categories of Foods 90009 90002 Since gut bacteria thrive on what on what they eat-if you feed them real, fresh, whole foods, they will grow. If they are fed junk foods, the bad bacteria will grow and yield toxins. This study showed the toxins from harmful bacteria in the gut promote obesity and insulin resistance. With that said, after learning about the vital role fiber plays in supporting the growth of good bacteria toward keeping the inner ecosystem alive and well, it’s time to give fiber the credit it deserves.Here’s to bringing back high-fiber foods that help you flourish! 90003 90002 Rich sources of fiber include a wide variety of vegetables, whole grains, fruits, legumes, nuts, and seeds-all supporting the diversity of your gut microbes. Select organically grown when possible. 90003 90059 90060 90061 Vegetables: 90062 Each 1/2 cup (cooked or raw) usually provides 2-4 grams of dietary fiber. 90063 90060 90061 Whole grains: 90062 Each 1/2 cup (or 1 ounce) serving of whole grains provide 2-4 grams of dietary fiber (examples include brown rice, quinoa, bulgur, millet, buckwheat, barley, spelt, and oats).90063 90060 90061 Legumes: 90062 Dried beans, peas, and lentils are concentrated sources of fiber, with 6-8 grams per half-cup (cooked). 90063 90060 90061 Nuts and seeds: 90062 A 1.5 ounce serving of most nuts and seeds provides about 3 grams of fiber. 90063 90076 90008 5 Fiber-Boosting Strategies 90009 90002 Individuals whose diets mainly consist of low-fiber foods like white bread, pizza, and pasta need to be careful when adding more fibrous foods into their diets. A sudden switch will overwhelm their underfed bacterial community, resulting in a symphony of sounds and sensations from down below, according to Dr.Giulia Enders, author of 90005 Gut: The Inside Story of Our Body’s Most Underrated Organ. 90006 «The sudden change will freak the bacteria out, and they will metabolize everything they can in a fit of euphoria. So the best strategy gradually increases the amount of dietary fiber and not feed your bacteria with massive, unmanageable amounts. » 90003 90002 What are the keys to a successful shift in total fiber intake? Start slowly with some of the simple strategies below. 90003 90059 90060 90061 Mind the bean.90062 Though they are the bomb when it comes to fiber content, they can wreak havoc on your belly. Cook your beans with kombu (edible kelp) to reduce the gas-producing effects beans can have. Add lentils to pasta sauce or soup; they cook quickly without presoaking. 90063 90060 90061 Load up on veggies. 90062 Add raw, cooked, or frozen high-fiber vegetables to homemade or prepared soups. 90063 90060 90061 Enjoy fresh fruit. 90062 Berries offer the best bang for your buck-they are high in fiber, low in sugar, and loaded with many nutrients and protective powers like helping to delay the decline in memory and other neurogenerative diseases.What is a simple way to increase consumption? Add high-fiber fruits, such as fresh or frozen berries to plain yogurt instead of choosing fruit-flavored yogurts with little fruit content. 90063 90060 90061 Get nutty and seedy. 90062 Top salads and mixed dishes with nuts and seeds instead of croutons. Alternatively, add seeds (like chia) to your breakfast cereal or to smoothies. 90063 90060 90061 Pair beans and grains. 90062 A veggie burger is a wonderful way to eat beans and grains together, says Jill Nussinow, M.S., R.D., author of 90005 Nutrition CHAMPS: The Veggie Queen’s Guide to Eating & Cooking for Optimum Health, Happiness, Energy & Vitality 90006. She suggests cooking brown rice and lentils (or any combination of whole grain and bean). You can also make a veggie burger by adding mushrooms, onion, sun-dried tomato, and a seasoning of choice-Italian, Thai curry, Middle Eastern, or Mexican. 90063 90076 90008 More Fiber for Better Health 90009 90002 Increasing fiber works wonders in how your body functions.Fiber-filled foods are like fertilizer for your internal garden in more ways than one, leaving you feeling better from top to bottom. 90003 90002 90021 * Editor’s Note: 90022 90005 The information in this article is intended for your educational use only; does not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Chopra Center’s Mind-Body Medical Group; and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health providers with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition and before undertaking any diet, supplement, fitness, or other health program.90006 90003 90119 90002 Learn Deepak Chopra’s simple, often surprising ways to feel less stressed and more energetic each day with our self-paced online course, 90005 Secrets to Vibrant Health 90006. 90061 Learn More. 90062 90003 90119.90000 16 High-Fiber Foods and Recipes That’ll Make You Want to Eat Them 90001 90002 You’ve probably heard: Most of us need to eat more fiber. American adults average a measly 10 to 15 grams per day. This, when the recommended daily amount to help prevent disease and promote good health is more than 25 grams. 90003 90002 Fiber, also known as «roughage,» keeps our bowels moving and our guts healthy. It also helps regulate cholesterol and blood sugar. So, what gives? Why are not we eating enough? Blame our love affair with processed foods.90003 90002 Where is fiber found? In vegetables, legumes, fruit, and grains. Sit tight, we’re going to wow you with everything you need to pump up your diet with fiber. Warning: Take it slow if you’re a fiber newbie. Too much, too fast can cause gas, bloating and even constipation if you fail to stay hydrated. 90003 90008 1. Split peas 90009 90002 Say hello to this quiet superstar legume — the split pea. Split peas are seriously full of fiber -16.3 grams per cup, cooked. But they’re also high in carbs at 41 grams per cup, and easy to eat too fast.90003 90002 So, treat them as a side dish like dhal, or a starter like soup to a meal that also features healthy fats. Filling and hearty enough to keep a vegetarian running, this split pea soup is easy-peas (y). 90003 90002 Yellow split peas give color to this South Asian riff on comfort food, lentil and spinach soup. Seasoned with healthy spices, turmeric, coriander, ginger, and chili peppers. And it’s finished with ghee, yum. 90003 90008 2. Lentils 90009 90002 Keep a bag of lentils — brown or green — in your pantry, and you’ll never go hungry.These kitchen all-stars will cook in minutes — and they do not need a pre-soak! A cup contains 15.6 grams of fiber. 90003 90002 And sure, you can turn lentils into an awesome salad (just toss warm, cooked lentils in a little lemon juice and olive oil), but classics are classic for a reason. Try this ham and lentil soup, chock full of carrots, onions, and celery. 90003 90002 Feel more like a burger than soup? This recipe for lentil quinoa burgers with sautΓ©ed mushrooms transforms lentils into a juicy burger patty, seasoned with garlic, cumin, and lemon, and topped with mushroom sauce.90003 90008 3. Black beans 90009 90002 When corn comes into season in summer, black bean salad is what you want. Soooo good with 90027 anything 90028 cooked on the grill. 90003 90002 But in winter, we use them in this vegetarian black bean and sweet potato chili.You can just imagine it, can not you, the sweetness and comforting carbs against the smoky heat of chipotle peppers? 90003 90002 Oh, and black beans have 15 grams of fiber per cup, and are great sources of folate, manganese, and thiamine — nutrients that will make you feel awesome.90003 90008 4. Lima beans 90009 90002 Let’s be honest. Limas are one of the most hated vegetables. It’s probably because many of us grew up pushing boiled frozen limas under a lettuce leaf. 90003 90002 But we’ve got news, people. Limas must be cooked with bacon! These starchy babies need help. Like this easy Texan recipe for limas with bacon, which brings out their creamy tenderness and seasons them real good, y’all. 90003 90002 In this leek and lima bean soup with bacon, the beans and leeks are sautΓ©ed in bacon fat, simmered in chicken stock, and then purΓ©ed into a naturally creamy soup.90003 90002 These recipes make limas taste so seriously good we’re going to start calling them by their old-school name, «butter beans.» With 13.2 grams of fiber per cup, we’re starting to like butter beans! 90003 90008 5. Artichokes 90009 90002 They’re a freaky looking vegetable, covered in tough, spiky leaves. No wonder most of us skip making them at home, and order them in restaurants any chance we get. But we’ve discovered a way to have them anytime we want. Buy a bag of frozen artichoke hearts.90003 90002 Turns out it’s easy to make our favorite Italian appetizer of crispy artichokes in garlic and lemon. 90003 90002 And this recipe for a classic French whole artichoke with mustard vinaigrette makes it ridiculously easy and delicious to get 10.3 grams of fiber. 90003 90008 6. Peas 90009 90002 The simplest way to cook peas is to simmer them in a little salted water, until they are tender, about 5 minutes. Fresh mint is awesome with peas, and so are onions and ham. 90003 90002 PurΓ©eing veggies to create a base for the main protein makes them seem more special.This recipe for seared scallops and pea puree takes 15 minutes to put together. And along with 8.8 grams of fiber per cup, it’s high in vitamin A and C. 90003 90008 7. Broccoli 90009 90002 Another controversial vegetable, broccoli is so healthy it’s worth working on a relationship. Broccoli provides 5.1 grams of fiber per cup and is a powerhouse of Vitamin A and C. 90003 90002 A recipe for basic steamed broccoli is a staple in our repertoire and the foundation for many variations … cheese sauce, anyone? 90003 90002 Ever notice how a lot of people only want to eat the broccoli florets? Well, this recipe for paleo broccoli fritters is a revelation of unexplored deliciousness — and it just uses the broccoli stems! 90003 90008 8.Brussels sprouts 90009 90002 Talk about a reputation rehab! Brussels sprouts have become so In, they’re almost Out. Just saying, spare us any more brussels with candied nuts or fruits. 90003 90002 The discovery that changed the brussels sprouts game was when cooks cut them in half and got ’em good and brown, bringing out their natural sweetness, like in this recipe for sauteed brussels sprouts. 90003 90002 This is really the only recipe you need, and the only thing that could make it better are caramelized onions.Hold the dried cranberries. Bring on the fiber — 4.1 grams per cup! 90003 90008 9. Raspberries 90009 90002 Being a fool is a good thing when raspberries are in season. Easy raspberry fool is a luscious blend of whipped cream, homemade raspberry sauce and fresh raspberries. 90003 90002 Raspberry crisp is an essential summer dessert. We make this recipe healthier by adding oat flour and chopped nuts to the crisp topping. 90003 90002 For dessert, we’ve simply served bowls of raspberries with a scoop of vanilla ice-cream.Little did everyone know there were 8 grams of fiber in every cup of berries. No fooling! 90003 90008 10. Blackberries 90009 90002 Blackberries call out for being cooked in a cobbler. Hear them? «Cover us in a golden blanket, a sweet biscuit, just like Mama’s mama did. We replace the 2 percent milk in this recipe with whole milk because that’s how our Grammy rolled. 90003 90002 These days fruits appear in savory dishes. And while some of us are still adjusting to the idea, this blackberry lemon salad is a simple introduction.Mixing sweet berries with salad tossed in tart lemon dressing offers 7.6 grams of fiber per cup. 90003 90008 11. Avocados 90009 90002 Yes, technically, it’s a fruit. And its creamy consistency and fresh flavor have made it the most popular breakfast toast at our local coffee house. You already know how to make that. Mash it! 90003 90002 Avocado adds creamy goodness to this Mexican-inspired chicken, black bean, avocado and radish salad. 90003 90002 But did you know that it’s also an awesome, and undetectable, healthy ingredient in avocado chocolate mousse? We’re in love with this dessert and its 6.7 grams of fiber per half a raw avocado. Few foods deserve the title of «superfood» more than the avocado. 90003 90008 12. Pears 90009 90002 Pears poached in wine are a sophisticated side dish that pair (heh) wonderfully with roasted meat. Or, for dessert add a dollop of sweetened mascarpone cheese and toasted nuts. 90003 90002 In this recipe for herb-roasted pork tenderloin with pears, the fruit cooks with the meat, the sweet flavors caramelizing together. 90003 90002 Of course, nothing’s better than a ripe juicy Bartlett pear in fall, and you’ll get the most fiber — 4.6 grams — when you eat it raw. 90003 90008 13. Bran flakes 90009 90002 If we were playing password and the word was «bran,» our answer would be «what are muffins.» Store-bought can be too sweet by half, so we like to use this bran muffin recipe, which gets a light texture from buttermilk. 90003 90002 And we’re not ashamed to admit that sometimes dinner for us is a bowl of cereal. A serving of bran flakes has 7 grams fiber per cup, and the milk and a banana adds calcium and potassium. 90003 90008 14.Whole-wheat pasta 90009 90002 With the right sauce, whole-wheat pasta is indistinguishable from its high G.I., white flour cousin, like in this awesome wheat spaghetti carbonara, with parmesan, bacon and a good amount of garlic. 90003 90002 Whole wheat penne stands up to a hearty sauce of broccoli (another high-fiber veg, remember?) And chicken sausage. Including high-fiber vegetables in your sauce boosts whole wheat pasta’s 6.3 grams of fiber per cooked cup. 90003 90008 15. Pearled barley 90009 90002 Barley conjures up thoughts of winter, of soups and Scotch broth.But our favorite way to eat it is in a summer barley salad with herbs. And you know what? We slashed cooking time using 10-minute pearled barley. 90003 90002 Barley’s starchiness also lends itself to a risotto technique in this pearl barley risotto with roasted squash, red peppers, and rocket. Rocket is what English people call arugula, BTW. A cup of cooked barley has 6 grams of fiber, and a low glycemic score. 90003 90002 It might surprise you to learn that beer is not the only drink made from barley.This summer barley tea is a favorite in Japan. 90003 90008 16. Oatmeal 90009 90002 It’s breakfast, foremost. Familiar, warm, comforting, adaptable and easy. And we love that bloggers have come up with how to make oatmeal stove-top and in the microwave. 90003 90002 You can up the 4 grams of fiber with the addition of carrots (yes, carrots!) In this special holiday breakfast of carrot cake oatmeal. 90003 90130 90131 90132 Flaxseed meal 90133 90132. 90133 Add to oats, smoothies, yogurt, and baked goods.You can even try breading chicken or fish with it. Two tablespoons contain 3.8 grams of fiber and a dose of omega-3 fatty acids to boot. 90136 90131 90132 Chia seeds 90133 90132. These 90133 have a whopping 5.5 grams of fiber per tablespoon. When they meet with water, they form a goopy gel that is great for thickening smoothies, and making healthy puddings. You can even use them as an egg replacer when baking. 90136 90131 90132 Spinach and carrots. 90133 Are not as high in fiber as the veggies mentioned above, they can easily be sliced ββor grated and snuck into many dishes without much hassle: Try adding some to banana bread, shakes, eggs, or even a homemade pizza base.90136 90131 90132 Food processors. 90133 Are fiber’s best friend. PurΓ©e some cooked vegetables and add them to sauces and stews, or swap out rice for «riced» cauliflower. 90136 90151 90002 90027 Note: Nutrition facts in this article comes from 90028 90027 nutritiondata.self.com 90028 90027. 90028 90027 Also, the amount of fiber in these foods can vary slightly between the raw and cooked versions. 90028 90003.90000 16 Easy Ways to Eat More Fiber 90001 90002 Getting enough fiber is important for your health. 90003 90002 For one, it can reduce constipation and help with weight loss and maintenance. 90003 90002 It may also lower cholesterol levels, as well as your risk of diabetes and heart disease. 90003 90002 This may be because some types of fiber are prebiotic, meaning they promote healthy gut bacteria. 90003 90002 Yet most people are not getting enough fiber. 90003 90002 The Institute of Medicine recommends 38 grams per day for men and 25 grams for women.90003 90002 Americans average only around 16 grams of fiber per day, which is about half of the recommended amount (1). 90003 90002 Here are 16 ways you can add more fiber to your diet. 90003 90002 Fiber is a type of carb found in plant-based foods. 90003 90002 While most carbs break down into sugar, fiber stays intact as it passes through your digestive system. Eating fiber along with other carbs helps you feel fuller for longer. 90003 90002 It also slows the time it takes digestible carbs to be absorbed into your bloodstream.That helps regulate your blood sugar levels. 90003 90002 Whole-food carb sources all naturally contain fiber. These include fruits, starchy vegetables, legumes and whole grains. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Choosing whole foods ensures you get carbs that have fiber. Select a variety of beans, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. 90029 90002 For a number of reasons, you should eat lots of vegetables. For one thing, they lower your risk of several chronic diseases. 90003 90002 Nonstarchy vegetables are particularly low in calories and high in nutrients, including fiber.90003 90002 Eating your vegetables 90035 before 90036 a meal is a good strategy for eating more of them. 90003 90002 In one study, women given salad before a meal ate 23% more vegetables than those served salad at the meal itself (2). 90003 90002 Eating salad or vegetable soup before a meal has also been linked to eating fewer calories during a meal (3). 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Eating vegetables before a meal can increase your fiber consumption. Nonstarchy vegetables are a low-calorie, high-fiber choice.90029 90002 Popcorn is one of the best snack foods around. 90003 90002 That’s because it’s actually a whole grain, delivering four grams of fiber per ounce (28 grams). That’s three cups of air-popped popcorn (4). 90003 90002 For the healthiest popcorn, air pop it either in a brown paper bag in the microwave or in an air popper. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Air-popped popcorn delivers over a gram of fiber per cup. It’s a delicious snack food that’s also a healthy whole grain. 90029 90002 Individual pieces of fruit, such as an apple or pear, make great snacks because they’re tasty and portable.90003 90002 All fruit delivers fiber, although some have significantly more than others. 90003 90002 For instance, one small pear has five grams of fiber, whereas a cup of watermelon has one gram (5, 6). 90003 90002 Berries and apples are other high-fiber fruits. 90003 90002 The fiber from fruit can improve fullness, especially when paired with food that contains fat and / or protein, such as nut butter or cheese. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Fruit is an excellent snack food. High-fiber fruits include pears, apples and berries.90029 90002 Whole grains are minimally processed, leaving the whole grain intact. 90003 90002 In contrast, refined grains have been stripped of their vitamin-containing germ and fiber-rich hull. 90003 90002 This makes the grain last longer but also takes away the most nutritious parts, leaving only a fast-absorbing carb. 90003 90002 Replace the refined grains in your diet with whole-grain versions. In addition to oatmeal or brown rice, try: 90003 90078 90079 Amaranth. 90080 90079 Barley.90080 90079 Buckwheat. 90080 90079 Bulgur wheat. 90080 90079 Farro. 90080 90079 Freekeh. 90080 90079 Millet. 90080 90079 Quinoa. 90080 90079 Wheat berries. 90080 90097 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Whole grains have the germ and bran intact, making them more nutritious than refined grains. 90029 90002 It’s best to get your nutrition, including fiber, from food. But if your fiber intake is low, you might consider taking a supplement. 90003 90002 A few types of supplements have research to back them up.90003 90078 90079 90027 Guar fiber: 90028 As a supplement, guar fiber may improve fullness and lower your overall calorie intake. It’s also used in processed foods to improve texture (7). 90080 90079 90027 Psyllium: 90028 This is the key ingredient in Metamucil, a popular fiber supplement used to fight constipation. In one study, psyllium was also shown to decrease hunger between meals (8). 90080 90079 90027 Glucomannan: 90028 This fiber is added to some low-fat dairy products to improve texture, and it’s the main ingredient in no-calorie shirataki noodles.As a supplement, it increases fullness and reduces appetite (9). 90080 90079 90027 Ξ²-glucans: 90028 This type of fiber is found in oats and barley. It is fermented in the gut and acts as a prebiotic to support the healthy microorganisms that live there (10). 90080 90097 90002 However, supplements have two main drawbacks. 90003 90002 First, they can cause stomach discomfort and bloating. To reduce this, introduce a fiber supplement gradually and drink plenty of water. 90003 90002 Second, these supplements can interfere with the absorption of certain medications, so take your meds at least an hour before or 4 hours after the supplement.90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 There are several promising fiber supplements on the market. However, you probably do not need a supplement if you eat a range of whole plant foods. 90029 90002 Chia seeds are nutritional powerhouses. 90003 90002 They provide omega-3 fatty acids, protein, vitamins and minerals, as well as 11 grams of fiber per ounce (11). 90003 90002 These small seeds gel in water and are 95% insoluble fiber. 90003 90002 Insoluble fiber helps keep your digestive tract moving and is important for colon health.It is also linked to a lower risk of diabetes. 90003 90002 Other forms of seeds — flax, sesame and hemp, for example — have similar nutrition profiles and are also smart choices. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Chia seeds deliver insoluble fiber, which promotes normal digestion and may lower your risk of diabetes. 90029 90002 Proponents of juicing say juice — especially cold-pressed vegetable juice — is a good way to incorporate a lot of vegetables into your diet. 90003 90002 Indeed, juice can have high amounts of micronutrients.90003 90002 Yet even unpasteurized, cold-pressed juices have been stripped of fiber, leaving only a concentration of carbs, specifically in the form of sugar. 90003 90002 While vegetable juices have less sugar than fruit juices, they have far less fiber than you get from eating whole vegetables. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Eating fruits and vegetables in whole form, rather than juice, ensures that you get more fiber and less sugar. 90029 90002 Avocados are incredibly nutritious fruits.90003 90002 The creamy, green flesh is not only rich in healthy, monounsaturated fatty acids — it’s also packed with fiber. 90003 90002 In fact, half an avocado delivers five grams of fiber (12). 90003 90002 Avocados have been linked to improved heart health, as well as to overall better diet quality and nutrient intake (13). 90003 90002 You can use an avocado instead of butter, or use it to top salads and other dishes. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Avocados are rich in monounsaturated fats and fiber.They’re a healthy alternative to many other types of fat. 90029 90002 Nuts and seeds provide protein, fat and fiber. 90003 90002 An ounce of almonds has three grams of fiber. They’re also high in unsaturated fats, magnesium and vitamin E (14). 90003 90002 What’s more, nuts and seeds are versatile foods. They’re shelf-stable and nutrient-dense, making them ideal snacks to have on hand. 90003 90002 You can also use them in recipes to add extra nutrition and fiber to your meals. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Seeds and nuts provide protein, healthy fats and fiber.They’re ideal for snacking or adding to recipes. 90029 90002 When baking, choose a flour that will add extra nutrition to muffins, breads and other baked goods. 90003 90002 You can easily replace white flour with whole-wheat pastry flour. This fine-textured flour has three times as much fiber as white flour (15, 16). 90003 90002 Some alternative flours are even richer in fiber. 90003 90002 For example, an ounce of coconut flour has eleven grams of fiber, while the same amount of soy flour has five grams (17, 18).90003 90002 Several other non-wheat flours have three grams of fiber per ounce — the same as whole wheat flour. These include almond, hazelnut, chickpea, buckwheat and barley flours (19, 20, 21, 22). 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Replace all-purpose flour with alternatives. These include whole-wheat flour and flours made from nuts, coconut and other whole grains. 90029 90002 Berries with seeds are among the most fiber-rich fruits. 90003 90002 For the most fiber, choose raspberries or blackberries at 8 grams per cup.Other good choices are strawberries (3 grams) and blueberries (4 grams) (23, 24, 25, 26). 90003 90002 Berries also tend to have less sugar than other fruits. 90003 90002 Add berries to cereal and salads, or pair them with yogurt for a healthy snack. Frozen and fresh berries are equally healthy. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Berries are among the most high-fiber, low-sugar fruits. Use them fresh or frozen. 90029 90002 Legumes — that is, beans, dried peas and lentils — are an important part of many traditional diets.90003 90002 They’re very rich in fiber, as well as protein, carbs, vitamins and minerals. 90003 90002 In fact, a cup of cooked beans can deliver up to 75% of your daily fiber needs (27). 90003 90002 Replacing meat with legumes in a few meals per week is linked to increased life span and a decreased risk of several chronic diseases. Their positive impact on the gut microbiome may be partially responsible for these benefits (28). 90003 90002 There are several ways to increase legume consumption: 90003 90078 90079 Use hummus and other bean dips.90080 90079 Add mashed or whole beans to ground beef dishes. 90080 90079 Top salads with cooked beans or lentils. 90080 90097 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Beans are highly nutritious foods that may reduce the risk of chronic disease. They provide protein and high amounts of fiber. 90029 90002 When you peel fruits and vegetables, you often remove half the fiber. 90003 90002 For instance, one small apple has 4 grams of fiber, but a peeled apple has only 2 grams (29, 30). 90003 90002 Similarly, a small potato has 4 grams of fiber, two of which are from the skin (31, 32).90003 90002 While cucumbers are not particularly high in fiber, one cucumber has 2 grams of fiber and half of this is in the peel (33, 34). 90003 90002 The kind of fiber found in the peel of fruits and vegetables is generally insoluble fiber. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Fruit and vegetable peels are rich in fiber. Peels provide roughage needed for healthy digestion and preventing constipation. 90029 90002 Whole plant foods are the ideal way to get fiber. However, if you are going to eat processed foods, you may as well choose products that are rich in fiber.90003 90002 Some foods — including yogurt, granola bars, cereals and soups — have functional fibers added to them. 90003 90002 These are extracted from natural sources and then added to foods as a supplement. 90003 90002 Common names you can look for on food labels are inulin and polydextrose. 90003 90002 Also, read the nutrition label to see how many grams of fiber are in a serving. Over 2.5 grams per serving is considered a good source, and 5 grams or more is excellent. 90003 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 When shopping processed foods, check the ingredient list for fiber.Also, check the nutrition label for the grams of fiber per serving. 90029 90002 Spread your fiber intake throughout the day. Focus on eating high-fiber foods at each meal, including snacks. 90003 90002 Here’s an example of how to make high-fiber choices throughout the day: 90003 90078 90079 90027 Breakfast: 90028 Choose a high-fiber cereal or oatmeal and add berries and seeds. 90080 90079 90027 Snack: 90028 Pair raw vegetables with bean dip or raw fruit with nut butter. 90080 90079 90027 Lunch: 90028 Have a salad.If you make a sandwich, choose 100% whole-grain bread. 90080 90079 90027 Dinner: 90028 Add beans and other vegetables to casseroles and stews. Try a variety of cooked whole grains. 90080 90097 90026 90027 Bottom Line: 90028 Including a higher-fiber food at every meal is one simple way to increase your fiber intake. 90029 90002 Fiber is immensely important for your health. 90003 90002 By adopting some of the strategies mentioned above, you can increase your fiber intake to optimal amounts.90003 90002 90027 More about fiber: 90028 90003.
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